1993:
A new phase of iron discovered at 40,000 bar and 2000 K (Saxena et al., 1993) with important consequences for Earth's core.

1994:
Iron melting temperature determined to 1.5 million bar (Saxena et al., 1994) with important implications for estimating the temperature of Earth's core.

1996:
a) A phase perovskite, considered for decades to be the stable constituent of Earth's lower mantle, determined to dissociate into oxides (Saxena et al., 1996). The result affects dynamic modeling of the planet.
b) In-situ x-ray structure determination of the new iron phase.

1997:
a) Experimentally discovered and theoretically confirmed a new phase of SiO2 at pressures > 500,000 bars (Dubrovinsky et al., 1997).
b) Determination of thermal properties of solids to 3600 K by in-situ x-ray .

1998:
a) Physical properties of iron measured to 3.0 million bars and to 1500 K. No laboratory anywhere in the world has succeeded yet in reaching such extreme conditionsinvolving both pressure and temperatures (Dubrovinsky et al., 1999).
b) Co6W6C found to be less compressible than diamond.

1999:
Dissociation of magnesiowustite at lower mantle conditions which may aid in our study of the dynamics of the mantle.

Dubrovinsky, L.S., Saxena, S. K., Lazor, P., Ahuja, R., Eriksson, O., Wills, J.M., and Johansson, B. (1997) Experimental and theoretical identification of a new high-pressure phase of silica. Nature, 388, 362-365.

Saxena, S.K., Dubrovinsky, L.S., Lazor, P., Cerenius, Y., Häggkvist, P., Hanfland, M. and Hu, J. (1996) Stability of perovskite (MgSiO3) in the Earth's mantle. Science, 274, 1357-1359.

Saxena, S.K., Dubrovinsky, L.S., Häggkvist, P., Cerenius, Y., Shen, G. and Mao, H.K., (1995) Synchrotron X-ray study of iron at high pressure and temperature. Science, 269, 1703-1704.

Saxena, S.K., Shen, G. and Lazor, P. (1994) Temperatures in Earth's core based on melting and phase transformation experiments on iron. Science, 264, 405-407.

Saxena, S.K., Shen, G. and Lazor, P. (1993) Experimental evidence for a new iron phase and implications for Earth's core. Science, 260, 1312-1314.